Magnetic resonance physics

Optimizing magnetite nanoparticles for mass sensitivity in magnetic particle imaging

R. Matthew Ferguson

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120

Kevin R. Minard

Biological Monitoring and Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Box 999, MSIN P7-58 Richland, Washington 99352

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Amit P. Khandhar,

Amit P. Khandhar

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120

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Kannan M. Krishnan,

Kannan M. Krishnan

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic addresses: [email protected] and [email protected]

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R. Matthew Ferguson,

R. Matthew Ferguson

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120

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Kevin R. Minard,

Kevin R. Minard

Biological Monitoring and Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Box 999, MSIN P7-58 Richland, Washington 99352

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Amit P. Khandhar,

Amit P. Khandhar

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120

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Kannan M. Krishnan,

Kannan M. Krishnan

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic addresses: [email protected] and [email protected]

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First published: 28 February 2011

https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3554646

Citations: 129

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Abstract

Purpose:

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI), using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) as tracer material, shows great promise as a platform for fast tomographic imaging. To date, the magnetic properties of MNPs used in imaging have not been optimized. As nanoparticle magnetism shows strong size dependence, the authors explore how varying MNP size impacts imaging performance in order to determine optimal MNP characteristics for MPI at any driving field frequency $urn:x-wiley:00942405:mp4646:equation:mp4646-math-0001$ .

Methods:

Monodisperse MNPs of varying size were synthesized and their magnetic properties characterized. Their MPI response was measured experimentally using a custom-built MPI transceiver designed to detect the third harmonic of MNP magnetization. The driving field amplitude $urn:x-wiley:00942405:mp4646:equation:mp4646-math-0002$ and frequency $urn:x-wiley:00942405:mp4646:equation:mp4646-math-0003$ were chosen to be suitable for imaging small animals. Experimental results were interpreted using a model of dynamic MNP magnetization that is based on the Langevin theory of superparamagnetism and accounts for sample size distribution and size-dependent magnetic relaxation.

Results:

The experimental results show a clear variation in the MPI signal intensity as a function of MNP diameter that is in agreement with simulated results. A maximum in the plot of MPI signal vs MNP size indicates there is a particular size that is optimal for the chosen $urn:x-wiley:00942405:mp4646:equation:mp4646-math-0004$ .

Conclusions:

The authors observed that MNPs 15 nm in diameter generate maximum signal amplitude in MPI experiments at 250 kHz. The authors expect the physical basis for this result, the change in magnetic relaxation with MNP size, will impact MPI under other experimental conditions.

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Citing Literature

Volume38, Issue3

March 2011

Pages 1619-1626